What Is Primary Care?
What’s the Role of My Primary Healthcare Doctor?
- Timely and effective treatment for simple illnesses
- Reduced risk of chronic diseases because of early detection and prevention
- An enhanced quality of life if you’re sick by treating your symptoms
- Reduced healthcare costs by minimizing hospitalization
- Access to more comprehensive services through the coordination with specialists
Who Can Be a Primary Care Doctor?
- Family doctors, who treat patients of all ages
- Internists or generalists, who usually treat adults
- Pediatricians, who specialize in treating children
- Geriatricians, who treat older adults
- OB-GYNs, who treat women once they reach childbearing years
- Nurse practitioners and physician’s assistants, who aren’t doctors, but can diagnose and treat the most common ailments
What Services Does My Primary Care Doctor Offer?
- Routine annual physical exams, tests and screening
- Vaccinations
- Diagnosis and treatment of acute illnesses
- Treatment for common illnesses, such as the common cold and flu, fevers, skin issues, urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections
- Allergy treatment
- Care for muscle pain, sprains and strains
- Chronic disease management for conditions such as headaches and diabetes
- Health education and counseling for healthy habits and desirable lifestyle changes for optimal health, including good nutrition and weight management
- Coordination with medical specialists for referrals, specialty services and follow-up care
What Education and Training Do Primary Care Doctors Need?
- Earned a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree
- Completed a residency program in a recognized healthcare institution
- Obtained a license to practice in your state
- Received board certification from a medical professional organization, such as the American Board of Internal Medicine
- Met the continuing education requirements to stay up-to-date with evolving medical knowledge and technology
How Do I Choose a Primary Care Doctor?
- A pleasant personality and effective communication style, including good listening skills
- Insurance options and payment plans, including accepting your health insurance policy
- Weekend or after-hours appointments for your convenience
- A competent, friendly staff that make you feel welcome
- A facility with modern equipment and a pleasant environment
What Can I Expect During a Visit to a Primary Care Doctor?
- Detailed questions about your and your family’s medical history
- Routine screenings, including height, weight, blood pressure and temperature
- A complete physical examination, including your heartbeat, lung capacity and lymph nodes
- An exam of any unusual symptoms that brought you in to see the doctor
- Diagnostic testing or screenings — such as x-rays, Pap smears or blood tests — to confirm or disprove a diagnosis
- A diagnosis of what’s troubling you, especially if you’re ill and need treatment
- A referral to a specialist if needed
How Can I Get the Most from My Consultation with a Primary Care Doctor?
- Writing down questions and concerns to discuss with your doctor before you arrive
- Gathering your past medical records, including a list of all the prescriptions and vitamins you’re currently taking
- Asking your questions and making sure you understand the answers
- Seeking clarification on your diagnosis and treatment
- Taking notes if necessary, so you can refer to them later or use them during a meeting with a specialist
What Are the Limits of Primary Care?
- Complex or rare medical conditions
- Highly infectious diseases
- Emergency situations that require immediate surgery or specialized treatment
- Advanced diagnostic and testing procedures that require specialized equipment
- Conditions that require a specialist, such as a urologist
- Situations that require intensive care or life support apparatus
How Do Primary Care Doctors Collaborate with Other Healthcare Providers?
- Specialists, such as oncologists, urologists or cardiologists if you require specialized treatment
- Hospital administration staff for hospitalization or specialized tests, when required
- Community resources, such as social services to get the services you need, if your situation requires it
- Other healthcare providers, such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants working under the guidance of your medical doctor